Q1. What is polycystic ovary syndrome?

Polycystic ovaries are larger than normal ovaries and contain multiple fluid filled follicles. These excess follicles lead to hormonal imbalance and various symptoms of PCO syndrome. This syndrome is seen in adolescent girls as well as women in reproductive age group. 1 in 4 women in India is diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Q2. What are the symptoms of PCOS?

The symptoms of PCOS include:

• Irregular, prolonged, scanty periods
• Being overweight, rapid increase in weight, difficulty in losing weight
• Excessive facial and body hair
• Acne
• Difficulty in becoming pregnant

Q3. How is PCOS diagnosed?

PCOS is diagnosed when you have any two of following:

• Irregular periods
• Increased facial or body hair
• Pelvic scan showing polycystic ovaries

Q3. What tests I might be offered?

PCOS is diagnosed when you have any two of following:

• Pelvic Ultrasound
• Hormonal profile
• Blood sugar
• Test for Insulin sensitivity
• Lipid profile

Q4. What treatment options are available for PCOS?

A healthy diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle is the cornerstone in the management of PCOS. Medical treatment includes vitamins, low dose combined oral contraceptive pills for regularization of periods and drugs for insulin resistance. It is aimed at reducing the symptoms and long term consequences of PCOS. We will discuss with you various treatment options depending upon your age and symptoms.

Q5. What is the long term effect of PCOS on your health?

You are at a greater risk of developing

• Insulin resistance and Type II Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Uterine cancer
• Depression and mood swings

Q5. How can I reduce these long term risks?

• Having a healthy lifestyle- a healthy balanced diet, regular meals, regular exercise (30 min/3 times a wk)
• Regular screening for Diabetes, High blood pressure etc.
• Weight loss- If you are overweight, then losing and maintaining weight would be helpful. Benefits of losing weight include:
• Lower risk of developing diabetes, heart problems, uterine cancer
• More regular periods
• Decrease in excess hair growth and acne
• Increase in chances of becoming pregnant.

Even a small amount of weight loss can make a significant difference in symptoms and overall health.